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Options are contracts that give the right, but not obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price, in a time frame.

Futures Contracts are agreements to buy or sell something at a future date at a price you agree on today.

Fiat currency is legal tender whose value is backed by the government that issued it, rather than a physical commodity like gold or silver.

The gold standard is a monetary system in which a country's currency has a value directly linked to gold.

Bullion refers to precious metals like gold and silver in their pure, tangible form - think bars, ingots, and coins .

The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States.

A Central Bank is the institution responsible for overseeing the monetary system of a country or group of countries.

A depression is a prolonged and severe economic downturn characterized by a decline in economic activity and widespread unemployment.

Gross Domestic Product is an analytic tool to measure how well a country's economy is performing.

Monetary policy guides the flow of money and influences interest rates to achieve specific economic goals.

Fiscal Policy is the government's plan for managing the economy through government spending, taxation, and borrowing.

Consumer Price Index tracks the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a basket of goods and services.

A recession is a significant decline in economic activity that lasts for months or even years.

Deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services. It's the opposite of inflation.

Your FICO score is a numerical summary of your credit report, a snapshot of your creditworthiness.

Interest rates, expressed as a percentage, are the cost of borrowing money or the reward for saving it.

Inflation is the slow and steady rise in the prices of goods and services over time. It's the value of your money decreasing.

An IPO is when a privately held company decides to go public by offering its shares to the general public for the first time.

Capital refers to the assets that individuals or businesses use to create wealth. It is the fuel that powers the engine of economic growth.

Debt is money borrowed by one party from another. Think of it like a financial IOU.